John wrote:

I have duplicate emails in all my email folders.
I would like to correct the situation by reloading my email.

"Leave a copy of messages on the server" is checked.
I uncheck "Remove from server when deleted from Deleted Items"
I delete all the email in my Outlook Inbox folders (Yes, I have a
backup). I empty the Deleted Items folder.

In theory, the email should still be on the server.
I Send/Receive expecting the Outlook deleted (empty deleted) messages
to be downloaded again from the POP3 server since it should
not have been deleted from the POP3 server since I had
unchecked "Remove from server when deleted from Deleted Items".

No such luck, none of the deleted messages are downloaded.

Is there a way to make Outlook download the messages?

One way would be to create a new mail profile (reusing your current PST if
you wish). That should download everything in the server mailbox.
--
Brian Tillman